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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for human trafficking (europe)
12 results foundAuthor: Savona, Ernesto U. Title: MON-EU-TRAF: A Pilot Study on Three European Union Key Immigration Points for Monitoring the Trafficking of Human Beings for the Purpose of Sexual Exploitation Across the European Union Summary: This project aimed to: monitor and analyse investigative and legal activities on human trafficking for sexual exploitation in three member-states of the European Union (Spain, Italy, Finland), the purpose being to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon, its extent, and its trends, in order to identify common indicators at the European level. The project collected data on the following aspects: the provenance of victims and criminals; organizational structure of criminal groups, trafficking routes and modus operandi; monitoring and analysing the responses (penal and preventative) by the three member-states considered; and to furnish the member-states and the European institutions with a survey grid for data collection and analysis. Details: Trento, Italy: TRANSCRIME, 2002. 258p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2002 Country: Europe URL: Shelf Number: 117703 Keywords: Human Trafficking (Europe)Organized CrimeSex TraffickingSexual Exploitation |
Author: Bilger, Veronika Title: Study on the Assessment of the Extent of Different Types of Trafficking in Human Beings in EU Countries Summary: Action against trafficking in human beings has become an important issue on the political agenda of the European Union and its Member States during the last decade. The design of effective measures (those that aim to foster prevention, protect victims and prosecute traffickers) has been commonly agreed to be built on appropriate legal and regulatory framework, research, data collection and information management. The lack of systematically collected and managed statistical data relevant to trafficking in human beings is one of the main obstacles to the successful and effective implementation of anti-trafficking policies and efforts. Objectives • To elaborate appropriate background information and on to assess the extent of different forms of trafficking in human beings in 17 EU Member States (Austria, Bulgaria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, France, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, United Kingdom). Outcomes • Comprehensive overview of national data on THB in the 17 EU countries covered • Comprehensive overview of national legislation on THB and related areas in the 17 EU countries covered • Comparative Analysis of assessed extent of different types of THB in the 17 EU countries covered • 17 Country Reports on national legislation, national statistics, and assessments of national developments in regard to the extent of THB in 17 countries covered. • Minimum and maximum scenarios on the total (17 countries) extent of different types of THB following the legal and administrative distinctions between victims and perpetrators but also between cases and persons on. Details: Vienna: International Centre for Migration Policy Development, 2010. 448p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 10, 2011 at: http://research.icmpd.org/fileadmin/Research-Website/Publications/THB_extent/Study_extent_of_THB_final_26Nov2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Europe URL: http://research.icmpd.org/fileadmin/Research-Website/Publications/THB_extent/Study_extent_of_THB_final_26Nov2010.pdf Shelf Number: 123304 Keywords: BeggingForced LaborHuman Trafficking (Europe)Organ TraffickingProstitutionSexual Exploitation |
Author: Bastick, Megan Title: Security Sector Responses to Trafficking in Human Beings Summary: In recent years trafficking in human beings has become an issue of increasing concern to European states. Trafficking in human beings is understood as ahuman rights issue, a violation of labour and migration laws, and as undermining national and international security through its links to organised crime and corruption. United Nations agencies, the European Union, the Council of Europe and the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, amongst others, make important contributions to coordinating the fight against human trafficking. However, there remain significant deficits in concrete information sharing and cooperation between the security agencies of different states necessary to achieve success. In many countries, cooperation among local security sector actors, other state agencies and non governmental organisations has improved. However, ensuring that the human rights of trafficking victims are protected requires more substantial training and specialised operational procedures within the security sector. This paper brings a governance analysis to security sector responses to human trafficking. It focuses on security governance approaches concerning criminalisation and harmonisation of laws, prosecution of traffickers, protection of trafficked persons, prevention in countries of origin and prevention in countries of destination. The authors identify key shortcomings in current security responses to human trafficking, and make recommendations to states with aparticular focus on national and international coordination and the prevention of human trafficking. Details: Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), 2007. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: DCAF Policy Papers (21): Accessed November 15, 2011 at: http://www.dcaf.ch/DCAF-Migration/KMS/Publications/Security-Sector-Responses-to-Trafficking-in-Human-Beings Year: 2007 Country: Europe URL: http://www.dcaf.ch/DCAF-Migration/KMS/Publications/Security-Sector-Responses-to-Trafficking-in-Human-Beings Shelf Number: 123353 Keywords: Human RightsHuman Trafficking (Europe)Organized CrimeSecurity Sector |
Author: Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference Title: Final report of the Working Group on Trafficking in Human Beings Summary: Trafficking is an international cross-border crime that requires international cooperation and concerted action across borders. According to the Working Group the most important elements in the fight against this crime are to secure long term funding of for instance public authorities, specialized agencies, NGOs and intergovernmental organizations and projects, to apply victim-based, with particular emphasis on children, approach respecting human rights and to follow the money flows stemming from trafficking. Details: Copenhagen, Denmark: NORDEN, 2011. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 5, 2012 at http://www.norden.org/en/publications/publikationer/2011-416/at_download/publicationfile Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.norden.org/en/publications/publikationer/2011-416/at_download/publicationfile Shelf Number: 123987 Keywords: Human SmugglingHuman Trafficking (Europe)International CrimeTransnational Crime |
Author: Kulu-Glasgow, I. Title: Categorical Accommodation and Assistance for Victims of Trafficking in Human Beings. A Study of Four European Countries Summary: The shortage of adequate and suitable shelter facilities for victims of trafficking in human beings (THB) has been on the agenda now for several years in the Netherlands. Until recently, female victims of THB were usually accommodated in women’s shelters; male victims mostly in shelters for the homeless, or public shelters. There have been signals that these types of shelters do not meet the specific needs of this particular group of victims (e.g. lack of specialised assistance and sufficient security measures) (Ministerie van VWS, 2010; NRM 2009, 2010). In June 2010, the Dutch government started a pilot project on categorical accommodation and assistance (CAA) for adult victims of THB (for national or non-national victims of exploitation in all sectors), which will continue until the end of 2014. The aim of this research is to look at the experiences that other European countries have had with CAA for adult victims of THB, and present an overview of the organisation and implementation of CAA in these countries. This includes descriptions of the bottlenecks these countries have experienced, any possible solutions they have employed, and the perceived advantages and disadvantages of CAA. The study may provide input for the possible further implementation of CAA in the Netherlands. Four countries were selected: Belgium, the Czech Republic, Italy and Spain. These countries were chosen with an eye on the diversity of the organisation and implementation of CAA, and their similarity with the Netherlands (all countries are transit and destination countries for victims of THB) and with the Dutch pilot on CAA (a broad target group). The three central research questions in this study are: 1 What are the objectives of CAA for victims of THB in the selected EU countries and what is the target group? 2 How is CAA for victims of THB organised and implemented in the selected countries? Are there any bottlenecks? 3 What are the perceived advantages and disadvantages of CAA for victims of THB? To answer the above research questions the following methods were used: • a literature survey, • interviews with 22 representatives of ministries, specialised NGOs providing CAA, and other relevant institutions in the selected countries; additionally, another five representatives of these organisations provided exclusively written information. In Belgium and the Czech Republic, representatives of all the specialised NGOs providing CAA to victims of THB were interviewed (three NGOs and three shelters and two NGOs and three shelters respectively). In Italy representatives from two Italian NGOs (operating two and six shelters respectively), and in Spain from one NGO (operating three shelters) were interviewed. Considering the large number of NGOs in these two countries, the results of this study do not cover all variations in the implementation of CAA in Italy and Spain. Details: The Hague: Dutch Minister of Security and Justice., Research and Documentation Centre, 2012. 203p. Source: Internet Resource: Cahier 2012-8: http://english.wodc.nl/onderzoeksdatabase/vergelijkend-landenonderzoek-naar-de-categorale-opvang-van-slachtoffers-mensenhandel.aspx?cp=45&cs=6799 Year: 2012 Country: Europe URL: http://english.wodc.nl/onderzoeksdatabase/vergelijkend-landenonderzoek-naar-de-categorale-opvang-van-slachtoffers-mensenhandel.aspx?cp=45&cs=6799 Shelf Number: 126681 Keywords: HousingHuman Trafficking (Europe)Victim Services |
Author: International Centre for Migration Policy Development Title: The Way Forward in Establishing Effective Transnational Referral Mechanisms A Report Based on Experiences in Cases of Human Trafficking in South-Eastern Europe Summary: Trafficking in human beings is a crime that requires a coherent transnational response in order to be tackled effectively. It is evident that transnational cooperation is a fundamental component of any successful strategy to prevent and fight human trafficking as well as to protect trafficked persons. The report “The Way Forward in Establishing Effective Transnational Referral Mechanisms. A Report Based on Experiences in Cases of Human Trafficking in South-Eastern Europe”, drafted in the framework of the project Enhancing Transnational Cooperation on Trafficking Cases in South-Eastern Europe (TRM-II), concludes the work under the TRM programme (2006-2012). It elaborates on the concept of Transnational Referral Mechanisms (TRM), their development and applicability. It offers a detailed description of what the TRM is. The report further provides a solid background for national stakeholders from countries that have a TRM in place, and serves as an introduction to the TRM concept for all those that in the process of implementing it. The report also contains an overview of the forms and tools for transnational cooperation used in cases of human trafficking. Notwithstanding its primary geographical scope, the report serves as a useful tool to all countries that have embarked on developing a transnational referral mechanism, or are considering doing so in the future. Practical advice on how to design and implement a functioning TRM can be found in the many recommendations that this report brings forward. In addition to introducing the main legislative framework currently existing in South-Eastern Europe, this report also provides an analysis of the opinions of a large number of professionals from the field both at the policy making and operational level, thus allowing the reader to identify themselves with their counterparts and relate to the lessons learned and practical observations. The reader will find valuable recommendations that could improve their own work in this field. Details: Vienna, Austria: International Centre for Migration Policy Development, 2012. 161p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 7, 2012 at: http://www.icmpd.org/fileadmin/ICMPD-Website/ICMPD-Website_2011/ICMPD_General/News/Transnational_Referral_Mechanisms_in_Trafficking_Cases.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Europe URL: http://www.icmpd.org/fileadmin/ICMPD-Website/ICMPD-Website_2011/ICMPD_General/News/Transnational_Referral_Mechanisms_in_Trafficking_Cases.pdf Shelf Number: 127144 Keywords: Child TraffickingHuman Trafficking (Europe)Sexual Exploitation |
Author: European Commission. Eurostat Title: Trafficking in Human Beings. 2013 edition Summary: This publication presents the first report at the EU level on statistics on trafficking in human beings. It includes data for the years 2008, 2009 and 2010. The EU and its Member States have selected trafficking in human beings as one of the priority areas in the fight against organised crime. This resulted in the adoption by the Council and the European Parliament of Directive 2011/36/EU on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims and the adoption by the Commission on 19 June 2012 of the EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings 2012–2016, endorsed via Council Conclusions by the Justice and Home Affairs Council on 25 October 2012. In order to further develop a coherent and strategic approach in the EU cooperation with third countries and regions, the Justice and Home Affairs Council adopted the so called Acton Oriented Paper on strengthening the external dimensions in actions against trafficking in human beings in 2009. The Second Implementation Report on the Action Oriented Paper of December 2012 includes a list of priority countries and regions with which the EU will establish closer cooperation. The preliminary data collected for the report below has been used together with other sources to define the prioritisation of these countries. The need to develop comparable and reliable statistics on crime and criminal justice has long been recognised by the European Commission and the EU. This has been further emphasised in the Commission Communication on Measuring Crime in the EU, adopted in January 2012, in which trafficking in human beings was highlighted as one of the priority areas for collecting statistics. In addressing trafficking in human beings, the European Commission and the EU take a human rights based approach that is victim-centred, gender-specific and focuses on the best interest of the child. This approach stresses the importance of multi-disciplinary actions where all relevant actors are involved in working together towards the eradication of trafficking in human beings. These key elements in trafficking in human beings policy and legislation mentioned above are systematically reflected in this publication on statistics. Thus, this report includes statistics on the total number of victims disaggregated by gender, age and form of exploitation, and also contains statistics on victims' citizenship and type of assistance and protection received. The data have been collected from different authorities working in the field of trafficking in human beings, including civil society organisations. Moreover, the report also includes statistics on suspected, prosecuted and convicted traffickers disaggregated by gender, citizenship and form of exploitation. Although the report focuses on statistical data from the registration systems in the respective organisations, Member States were encouraged to also send in metadata from other sources such as projects, studies and reports. This first report includes statistical data from all 27 EU Member States, Croatia and the following EU Candidate and EFTA/EEA countries: Iceland, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland and Turkey. The total number and percentages in the report are based on data from the EU Member States. Data from the non-EU countries have been highlighted separately in some sections. It is hereby acknowledged that the current state of the results does not entirely comply with the stringent requirements of the European Statistics Code of Practice and further development is planned to improve data quality in future collections. Nevertheless the political demand for this information is such that it seems opportune to make it available at this stage in the form of a Eurostat Working Paper. This means that figures should be interpreted with caution, taking into consideration the methodological notes and caveats provided in this report. For example, Member States were not able to provide comparable data on the number of victims by country of recruitment, the number of suspected traffickers involved in organised crime, the number of final decisions by public prosecution services or the number of convicted traffickers by form of exploitation. By drawing conclusions on the findings is this report several issues need to be taken into consideration. The increase in the number of identified and presumed victims shown in the report could indicate that the phenomenon of trafficking in human beings in EU Member States is on the rise. However, better identification procedures, the involvement of more actors in the identification process, changes in legislation in individual Member States and higher priority in addressing trafficking in human beings can also have an influence on the number of victims. Details: Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2013. 86p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 25, 2013 at: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-is-new/news/news/2013/docs/20130415_thb_stats_report_en.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Europe URL: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-is-new/news/news/2013/docs/20130415_thb_stats_report_en.pdf Shelf Number: 128438 Keywords: Forced BeggingForced LaborHuman Trafficking (Europe)Organ TraffickingSexual Exploitation |
Author: European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union (FRONTEX) Title: Situational Overview on Trafficking in Human Beings Summary: Although trafficking in human beings (THB) is not frequently reported at the external border of the European Union (EU), this phenomenon is, by its transnational nature, closely related to the national borders and the work of border guards. As exploitation predominantly starts after the potential victim crosses the border, the data collected for the purposes of this analysis reflect cases of trafficking detained inland (inside the EU). The definitions of trafficking in human beings used by the Member States and Schengen Associated Countries* (SAC) are not all harmonised with the definition used by Frontex,** where a potential victim of trafficking is understood as “a person that most probably suffered or will suffer from offences related to trafficking in human beings.” Although some Member States and SAC could not provide the numbers of potential victims of trafficking as defined by Frontex, the collected data will be considered comparable for the purposes of this analysis, as the need for a situational overview of THB in the EU and SAC outweighs the need for stricter data guidelines. The following analysis is based on statistical data and reports of national rapporteurs provided by Member States and SAC for the years 2008 and 2009, analytical materials collected during Frontex Joint Operations (JO) and open source data. As there is limited intelligence-based evidence on the timeframes, mode, and locations of the arrival of victims of trafficking at the EU external border, reliable conclusions are limited. Statistical data collected shows that Member States and SAC reported 3 023 potential victims of trafficking from third countries in 2009, while there had been only 2 075 cases reported in 2008. This represents a 27% increase in 2009, if the countries that provided the data in both years are the only ones taken into account. Most of the third-country potential victims came from West African countries (showing an increase of 75% in the years compared), followed by nationals from South America, East Asia, and North Africa. The most common nationalities among the potentially trafficked non-Europeans are Nigerian, Chinese and Brazilian. Most of the potential victims were trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation, but trafficking for forced labour or services is reported as an increasing phenomenon. The same increasing trend is also observed regarding male victims. The number of male victims in 2009 was ten times higher than the number in 2008. The most common male victims were Pakistani nationals, followed by Chinese and Vietnamese. Details: Warsaw, Poland: FRONTEX, 2011. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 3, 2013 at: http://frontex.europa.eu/assets/Publications/Risk_Analysis/Situational_Overview_on_Trafficking_in_Human_Beings.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Europe URL: http://frontex.europa.eu/assets/Publications/Risk_Analysis/Situational_Overview_on_Trafficking_in_Human_Beings.pdf Shelf Number: 128918 Keywords: Border SecurityHuman Trafficking (Europe)Sexual Exploitation |
Author: OSCE Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinatorfor Combating Trafficking in Human Beings Title: Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Organ Removal in the OSCE Region: Analysis and Findings Summary: Trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal (THB/OR) is, like all other forms of trafficking, a violation of the fundamental human rights and dignity of individuals, while also clearly representing a grave form of transnational organized crime. My mandate to address this form of trafficking stems back to the OSCE Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings. Other OSCE commitments throughout the years refer to all forms of trafficking; most recently in the Vilnius Declaration , participating States expressed their deep concern for this form of trafficking. It is important to note at the outset what has not been included within the terms of reference for this research because it is not within my mandate. Firstly, our research does not address allegations of organ trafficking related to alleged war crimes, since they do not involve trafficking in human beings. Secondly, it is important to clarify an important distinction between what is known as organ trafficking, and trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal. My mandate is of course based on trafficking in human beings; organ trafficking is a separate issue as has been recognized by the United Nations and the Council of Europe, it raises a whole other set of factual and legal considerations. Furthermore, our research does not cover trafficking of tissues and cells, as it is not widely recognized to fall within the meaning of “organ removal” within the relevant definition of trafficking for organ removal. This Occasional Paper is based on actual reported incidents or cases of THB/OR that have been investigated to different degrees, and in some cases, fully prosecuted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research paper based on an analysis of available case studies in the OSCE region. It is thus not possible to make any comparisons to the global context of the crime, even though the 2012 Global Report on Trafficking in Persons has identified a similar scope and scale of the crime. A brief annex of cases where formal criminal proceedings were initiated on THB/ OR or related charges can be found in Annex A. The methodology for this report is explained in detail but it is important to stress that wherever possible we prioritized indictments, judgments, and official government sources, and we also requested and received official information from participating States. The findings are also based on media and open source reporting, as well as interviews with key experts in relevant fields (medical, ethics, transplantation, victim care, among others). We have collated information and analysed more than ten cases of potential THB/OR, and at least two or three other incidents in which there were allegations of THB but there was insufficient evidence to proceed to investigation or prosecution. We have also included at least one case of organ trafficking which however seems to share many of the common elements of THB/OR cases. To this end, this paper confirms a trend amongst all THB cases: it remains a challenge for criminal justice actors across the OSCE region to identify and charge trafficking in human beings and not on related and in some cases, lesser, charges. If we are going to address the full scale of modern-day slavery, then we must also address the full criminality in prosecutorial strategies and charging documents. Details: Vienna, Austria: OSCE/ Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, 2013. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: Occasional Paper Series no. 6; Accessed July 16, 2013 at: http://www.osce.org/cthb/103393 Year: 2013 Country: Europe URL: http://www.osce.org/cthb/103393 Shelf Number: 129399 Keywords: Human Trafficking (Europe)Organ TraffickingOrganized Crime |
Author: Van Selm, Joanne Title: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Measures for the Integration of Trafficked Persons Summary: The Evaluation of the effectiveness of measures for the integration of trafficked persons study has been carried out in the frame of the Foster and Improve Integration of Trafficked persons (FIIT) project. The FIIT project has been funded by the EC fund for the integration of third-country nationals, the Italian Ministry of the Interior and the British NGO Migrant Helpline and implemented in five EU Member states: Belgium, France, Hungary, Italy and the United Kingdom from January 2012 to June 2013. Based on more than 100 interviews with service providers, policymakers and former victims of trafficking, the study analyses and compares the integration measures dedicated to victims of trafficking in the five case countries. It also provides recommendations to enhance the integration of victims of trafficking in host countries. Details: Geneva, SWIT: International Organization for Migration, 2013. 93p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 22, 2013 at: http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/FIIT_study_ENG.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Europe URL: http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/FIIT_study_ENG.pdf Shelf Number: 129673 Keywords: Human Trafficking (Europe)Victim Services |
Author: Mendes Bota, Jose Title: Prostitution, trafficking and modern slavery in Europe Summary: Trafficking in human beings is a hideous human rights violation and one of the most lucrative activities for criminal organisations worldwide. It occurs for various purposes, including forced labour, criminality and organ removal. In Europe, trafficking for sexual exploitation is by far the most widespread form: an estimated 84% of victims are trafficked for this purpose. Efforts to tackle trafficking in human beings have intensified in the last decade but remain insufficient. As transnational trafficking represents the greatest part of this phenomenon, harmonisation of legal standards and effective international co-operation in criminal matters are crucial to succeed in the fight against human trafficking. The lack of reliable and comparable data on prostitution and trafficking in Europe is a major barrier to making and implementing effective policies against trafficking for purposes of sexual exploitation. Creating a Europe-wide data collection system on prostitution and trafficking is therefore crucial. As a pan-European organisation, the Council of Europe has an important role to play in promoting such a data collection system. Some Council of Europe member States have drawn up prostitution regulations and policies aimed at countering trafficking by curbing the demand for victims. This is true of Sweden, together with Iceland and Norway. The "Swedish approach", based on criminalising the purchase of sexual services, is currently under consideration by legislators in several European countries as a possible tool for tackling trafficking. While each system presents advantages and disadvantages, policies prohibiting the purchase of sexual services are those that are more likely to have a positive impact on reducing trafficking in human beings. Irrespective of the legal approach adopted, prostitution regulations should include harm-reduction measures aimed at countering the negative effects of prostitution on the people involved and supporting those who wish to leave the sex industry. Details: Strasbourg Cedex: Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, 2014. Source: Internet Resource: Doc. 13446: Accessed May 10, 2014 at: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewPDF.asp?FileID=20559&lang=en Year: 2014 Country: Europe URL: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewPDF.asp?FileID=20559&lang=en Shelf Number: 132324 Keywords: Forced LaborHuman Trafficking (Europe)Organ TraffickingProstitutionSex TraffickingSex WorkSexual Exploitation |
Author: Anti-Slavery International Title: Trafficking for Forced Criminal Activities and Begging in Europe Summary: European states fail to protect thousands of people trafficked and forced into crime, a new study by the RACE in Europe Project lead by Anti-Slavery International claims. The report, entitled simply "Trafficking for Forced Criminal Activities and Begging in Europe" analyses the phenomenon of trafficking into crime such as cannabis cultivation, ATM theft, pickpocketing, bag-snatching, counterfeit DVD selling, benefit fraud and forced sham marriage, as well as being forced to beg. The report explores the situation in the project partner countries (Ireland, the UK, the Czech Republic, and the Netherlands) and provides an overview of the rest of Europe. It exposes the dearth of systematic information and awareness about this type of exploitation amongst the policy makers and justice system actors with very few cases reported in official statistics and many victims misidentified as offenders. The findings show that the issue is more widespread than previously reported, with potentially thousands of victims being exploited through a variety of criminal activities. One of the biggest issues connected to these forms of exploitation is that the victims caught in the criminal act by the police end up being prosecuted against, whilst the real criminals remain untouched. The research found that the issue is more widespread than is currently reported, even in those countries, such as the UK, where this form of trafficking is acknowledged in national statistics. In countries where this type of trafficking has not been formally identified, NGOs and other frontline professionals are nevertheless identifying victims. The report concludes that although legislative and law enforcement tools exists at the EU level offered by Eurojust and Europol, they are underused to counter this form of trafficking. Details: London: Anti-Slavery International, 2014. 124p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 18, 2015 at: http://www.antislavery.org/includes/documents/cm_docs/2014/r/race_europe_report.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Europe URL: http://www.antislavery.org/includes/documents/cm_docs/2014/r/race_europe_report.pdf Shelf Number: 134965 Keywords: Child TraffickingForced BeggingHuman Trafficking (Europe)Organized CrimePickpocketingStealing |